New Neuropeptide S: Less Stress Peptide Now Available from Peptides International

Neuropeptide S: New Less Stress Peptide
Now Available from Peptides International

A new peptide that plays a major role in regulating sleep and stress was recently discovered. This peptide has the potential to lead to a new class of drugs for treating sleep and anxiety disorders and attention deficit disorder. Neuropeptide S (NPS), first discovered in 2002 (patent WO 02-31145 A1), is thought to be an important modulator of wakefulness and anxiety.

Behavioral responses with increased alertness, suppressed sleep and controlled stress responses were noted recently noted in mouse studies.1 NPS is produced by previously unidentified neurons in a brain stem region known for regulating arousal and anxiety between locus coeruleus and Barrington’s nucleus in the rat brain. Further tests demonstrated that rats injected with NPS showed increased alertness and reduced slow-wave and REM sleep over untreated rats. Human NPS is a 20-amino acid residue peptide with an N-terminal Serine and is highly conserved among 6 species.

Human	SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS
Chimpanzee	SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS
Dog	SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS
Rat	SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ
Mouse	SFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ
Chicken	SFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS

NPS-expressing neurons are uniquely localized in an unidentified cluster of cells between locus coeruleus and Barrington’s nucleus in the rat brain. Human NPS induces mobilization of intracellular Ca²⁺ ions through the expressed human NPS receptor (ED50 = 9.4 nM). Synthetic NPS exerts the following functions upon i.c.v. administration: i) increased locomotor activity in mice (>0.1 nmol), ii) increased wakefulness in rats by reducing all sleep stages [REM, slow wave sleep stage 1 (SWS1), and SWS2] (>0.1 nmol), and iii) dose-dependent attenuation of anxiety-like behavior in mice. The exact mechanism is not yet understood and these functions might be mutually related through an arousal-promoting effect.

Since NPS is produced by previously unidentified neurons in a brain stem region known for regulating anxiety and arousal, it is expected this novel peptide will help unravel the mechanism of sleep disorders and anxiety.

1. Y.-L. Xu, R.K. Reinscheid, S. Huitron-Resendiz, S.D. Clark, Z. Wang, S.H. Lin, F.A. Brucher, J. Zeng, N.K. Ly, S.J. Henriksen, L. de Lecea, and O. Civelli, Neuron, 43, 487 (2004). (Original)

Neuropeptide S Manufactured by the Peptide Institute and Now Available from Peptides International
CODE	PRODUCT	QTY	USD
PNP-4425-v NEW!	Neuropeptide S (Human) NPS Human H-Ser-Phe-Arg-Asn-Gly-Val-Gly-Thr-Gly- Met-Lys-Lys-Thr-Ser-Phe-Gln-Arg-Ala- Lys-Ser-OH (M.W. 2187.53) C₉₃H₁₅₅N₃₁O₂₈S Novel Modulator of Arousal and Anxiety Y.-L. Xu, R.K. Reinscheid, S. Huitron-Resendiz, S.D. Clark, Z. Wang, S.H. Lin, F.A. Brucher, J. Zeng, N.K. Ly, S.J. Henriksen, L. de Lecea, and O. Civelli, Neuron, 43, 487 (2004). (Original)	0.5 mg vial	225

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